“The oppressed are allowed once every few years to decide which particular representatives of the oppressing class are to represent and repress them.” - V.I. Lenin
The last year has marked a huge turning point in the Irish economy and most importantly a huge shift in the relations between the classes in Ireland. While the Celtic Tiger had been on life support for a while, 2009 saw a huge crisis that has had massive economic consequences and political change that will play out for a whole period. This year represented a shift from one historical period to another; a whole new perspective has opened up for Irish society, not just in the 26 counties, but increasingly across the whole island as the impact of the capitalist crisis begins to be felt to its full extent in the north.
The results of the neoliberal economy shouldn't surprise anyone. Basing an economy on the financial sector leads to your doom (just ask Iceland). Monopoly money isn't something which will lead to real wealth for the entire of the economy, and hopefully we've learned this lesson.
'Twas the night before Christmas and all through the land Not a creature was stirring in Afghanistan. The bedrooms were bunkered with piles of hard stones To protect from attacks by the Predator drones. The children were huddled, afraid, in their beds While visions of night raiders danced in their heads.
THIS YEAR, General Electric (GE) dropped a bombshell on its non-union employees--their responsibility for health care expenses is going to go up dramatically starting January 1, 2010.
Single-payer, of course, would take this problem off the table for the GE workers (as for others nationwide). Fat chance, of course. At the end of the article, Johnson makes the most important point:
GE's workers are getting a taste of what "exempt employee" really means--no union, no leverage.
The corporations will pick off individuals as fast as possible. The Union can keep this from happening. The choice is yours.
One of the most astonishing and demoralizing comments I ever heard was in response to Cindy Sheehan’s August, 2005, anti-war demonstrations outside George W. Bush’s Prarie Chapel Ranch (near Crawford, Texas). A commentator declared that, by protesting in so public and defiant a fashion, Sheehan had, in fact, “embarrassed” herself.
Add to it the bile Sheehan faced when she quit the Democratic party (reminding us that it is a war party, etc.) from the 'progressive blogosphere', it seems to me Ms Sheehan is owed a great big apology. Period.
She won't get it from the Demobots.
Read on and be astonished and demoralized at the treatment one of the few major players who has stood up against the war machine that is the US. Even flawed as she may be, just like the rest of us, she's done more than just about anybody to keep the anti-war flame alive. For that she deserves thanks, not derision.
AFTER A grim year for organized labor, those committed to class-struggle unionism can find a few good reasons to be cheerful this holiday season.
Somebody's going to lead in response to the economic crisis. It's not going to be the Democrats: Their petite bourgeois leadership and membership is too beholden to the capitalist system. It could be the radical right and their 'libertarian' unfettered capitalism: We'd be run into the ground even quicker than the lightly regulated version we suffer under today. If any goods going to come to the economic system, it's going to be the workers reminding the world that not a wheel turns and not a light bulb gets lit without their permission.
Thursday’s White House summit on jobs was an open display of the callousness and indifference of President Barack Obama and the American corporate elite to the plight of the working class.
Not that it's any surprise. Obama's shown he's in the bosses pocket pretty much from the beginning. Actually, calling himself a Democrat is a sham.
In the course of a two-hour “brainstorming” session with 130 corporate CEOs, government officials, trade union executives and economists, Obama flatly rejected any major new allocation of federal funds to create jobs and ruled out a second stimulus package. Two days after he announced an escalation of the deeply unpopular war in Afghanistan, which he said would cost $30 billion a year, Obama insisted at Thursday’s gathering that the government’s resources were too “limited” to finance job creation programs.
This is part of the joke Obama and the bosses are playing on us. There's never enough money for we the people. There's always enough money for the bosses, bankster frauds, etc. You know it. I know it. Perhaps someday the right-winger workers will figure it out.
Instead, he appealed to the multi-millionaire CEOs in attendance to propose measures that would induce them to begin hiring workers. “What’s holding back business investment and how we can increase confidence and spur hiring?” he asked. “And if there are things that we’re doing in Washington that are inhibiting you, then we want to know about it.”
Obama is a neoliberal capitalist. Trust me, that's worse than calling him a socialist. He's quite willing to see the bosses make money. Maybe he's actually stupid. I mean really dumb. Either that or he's 1) corrupt as hell or 2) has some really huge skeletons in his closet. It's a shame, really. The Dems got who they wanted, and the national party seems really, really happy. The sad part of it is there's no real national alternative to Obama and his cronies from either party.
I'll let you read the rest of the article. Seethe a little bit. Then pull out one of the oldies: "Ho, ho, ho, Obama's got to go!"
In September, The New York Times reported that a University of Chicago researcher, Malcolm Casadaban, died after exposure to "a weakened and ordinarily harmless strain of the bacteria that cause plague."
If I remember correctly, we went to war with Iraq over, in part, WMDs. Biological weapons were considered WMDs. Hmmmmm....
According to the Times, "Dr. Casadaban, an associate professor at the university, was studying the bacteria to create a better vaccine for plague ... in part because of concerns about its possible use in bioterrorism." The Times averred that "infectious disease experts said researchers rarely die from being infected with an ordinarily harmless strain of the bacteria or viruses they are studying."
If a bacteria, etc., is harmless, people shouldn't die from it. Casadaban probably wasn't working with a 'harmless' strain, since he got infected and died. Oh well....
Which of course, raise inevitable and troubling questions: just how "safe" was the strain of plague studied by Casadaban, and was this research part of a new round of illicit, highly compartmented experiments meant to bulk-up America's first-strike arsenals?
I'll let you read the rest of the article. It's both fascinating and terrifying in it's implications. Not that we should be surprised if the US is working on bio-terror weapons for it's arsenal. We've done that for years, along with chemical and our famed nuclear arsenals. It's a case of "Do as we say, and as far as what you think, we don't give a shit." It's another reason to question whether our government, corporate and military establishments should be trusted even a little bit.
I once wrote an article about former President George W. Bush saying that he was a perfect Manchurian candidate. That is, if his missing year when he was supposed to have been flying fighter jets with the Texas Air National Guard was actually spent in the former Soviet Union being reprogrammed as a covert KGB agent whose job it was to go back to America, win election to the White House, and proceed to destroy the US, he couldn’t have done a better job than he actually did.Now I wonder whether President Obama might not be a perfect Manchurian Candidate of the Republican Party, or perhaps of some nefarious foreign entity—perhaps the China or the always-enigmatic Al Qaeda. How else to explain policies that have wreaked such destruction on the Democratic Party in Washington and on the nation at large.
I'll let you read the rest of it. It's something which needs to be said, particularly in 'progressive' circles. The sooner it's accepted that Obama is, at best, a center-rightist, the sooner the left can get on with the business of electing someone else.
Ireland: Well over 250,000 Irish workers in the public sector were on strike on the 24th of this month. There would have been many more, but the unions guaranteed emergency cover including flood relief in the west, the midlands and the Shannon area and in Cork City. It’s a feature of every major strike, not just here, but throughout the world, that the well fed representatives of the bourgeois and particularly the mean spirited and greedy petty bourgeois attempt to criticise and attack the worker's movement. These fine gentlemen and ladies are always the first to reach for the box of tissues as they weep crocodile tears about the poor and the vulnerable who they claim (wringing their hands in woe) are being let down by the strikers. The fact that the government have been slashing and burning public services for the last year and attacking the vulnerable seems conveniently to have been forgotten.
First off, good for the Irish workers for striking. If only we had the motivation to do so in the US. Of course, we don't, since we don't know any better than to bow at our masters' feet.
Consider this: Ireland has 6.3 million people, and 250,000 were on strike. That's roughly 4% of the population. A similar ratio of US population would be 12,223,570. Do you think such a strike might have some effect in Washington?
Workers don’t strike because they just fancy doing so, strikes are forced upon workers by the policies of management and the government. The workers in Galway, Athlone and Cork were working yesterday to save life and limb in the floods, workers are reliable sensible people in the main. That’s why when you have well over a quarter of a million on strike then there is something up. There is indeed something serious up. It is a crisis of capitalism that is corroding the economy and the state and affecting the consciousness of all classes in society. These crocodile tears are something else though, these are the people who filled their boots in the Celtic Tiger years, now they are attacking workers for defending their families, its sheer hypocrisy.
The Celtic Tiger economy was built upon the workers, and upon dodgy financing. Sounds familiar doesn't it? The workers kept their end of the bargain. Now that it's time for the financiers to do the same, um, they fight against the workers. But then again, what do you expect from the bosses and bankster frauds?
I'll let you read the rest of the article. Keep in mind that the Irish workers look to keep up the pressure on the government. It's good to see some group in the West decide to take on the bosses. Perhaps we in the US might take notice and follow their lead.
Within Germany’s top political circles fear is growing of a second international financial crash exceeding in intensity and impact that of autumn 2008.
This should not be surprising. If a system's fundamental design is flawed, and any fixing is aimed at keeping it the same, collapse is inevitable. We've seen the flaws in a financially based economy, and the fixes we've tried were to keep it in place. There's no surprise that the system's on the verge of collapse again.
The enormous stock market bubble that has formed over the past eight months is seen as the biggest source of danger of another crash. The most important share indices—the Dow Jones, the Japanese Nikkei and the German DAX—have risen by around 50 to 60 percent since March. The prices of crude oil, copper and other raw materials have also more than doubled. These enormous increases are not based upon any corresponding economic growth. On the contrary, economic activity has fallen in numerous countries and many firms are still posting losses.
Bu..but they're investing for the future, aren't they? Well, smaller investors probably are. As for the bankster and corporate frauds?
The rally in stock prices is due to the enormous liquidity that governments and central banks have pumped into the economy. Financial establishments are able to borrow unlimited sums of money from the central banks at virtually zero interest, and thus make high profits from their speculative deals. The trillions in taxpayers’ money that are being spent to revive the economy do not flow into investments, but into speculative deals, high payouts to shareholders, and exorbitant bonus payments for the bankers.
We did not end speculation. By not allowing 'to big to fail' to fail, we told the bankster and corporate frauds that things were going to remain the same. Stupid us for allowing the government to do so.
“The stock markets are rising because so much money has to go somewhere—because shares per se are valued attractively,” writes Wirtschaftswoche, the German business weekly, in an analysis of the current stock exchange boom. According to the magazine, the price-earnings ratio—comparing the market value per share to the annual earnings per share of the respective enterprise—has reached a historic maximum of 133. A price-earnings ratio of 14 or more is considered to mean shares are valued excessively.
Keep in mind that the dollar is falling. On Obama's inauguration day, the dollar stood at 1.2892 to the Euro. Today it stands at 1.514. That's a drop of 15%, which accounts for some of the uptick in prices. The p-e ratio points the stock markets at being overvalued by 9.5 times. If the p-e ratio were to hold at what normal value is, then the Dow should be at roughly 1100 value wise. The bottom's well below where we are now.
I'll let you read the rest of the article. Will we be saved from the fall? Probably not. The oligarchy is doing it's best to cushion itself for the fall, but, perhaps, other forces will bring them down as well.
Alan Woods held a meeting with workers and students last night (November 19) in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of The Andes in Merida (Venezuela), to talk about the systemic crisis of capitalism on a world wide scale.
Alan Woods is one of the leaders of the International Marxist Tendency. He's been a major player in Marxist circles in England for decades. He also happens to be right about this major point.
It can't be stressed enough: "No light bulb will shine, no wheel will move, without the kind permission of the workers of this world."
When the oligarchs put their welfare above the masses, WE need to tell them "No light bulb will shine, no wheel will move, without the kind permission of the workers of this world."
When the bankster frauds continue to run the world into the ground, they need to hear "No light bulb will shine, no wheel will move, without the kind permission of the workers of this world."
When the US Congress and the President pay scant attention to the workers of the country, and I would argue that this is exactly what they are doing, they need to hear "No light bulb will shine, no wheel will move, without the kind permission of the workers of this world."
When the centrists put the welfare of the capitalists in front of the welfare of the many, they need to hear "No light bulb will shine, no wheel will move, without the kind permission of the workers of this world."
Whenever a boss decides that they are more important the the people that work for them, they need to hear "No light bulb will shine, no wheel will move, without the kind permission of the workers of this world."
Every time you decide to support the bad because it's practical and doable, to the harm of the many, you need to hear "No light bulb will shine, no wheel will move, without the kind permission of the workers of this world."
Indeed, it's time we all hear "No light bulb will shine, no wheel will move, without the kind permission of the workers of this world."
Put it in your hearts, let it be your mantra, always remember "No light bulb will shine, no wheel will move, without the kind permission of the workers of this world."
As we explained in a previous article , the Tegucigalpa/San José Accord signed on October 30 by representatives of the legitimate president of Honduras, Mel Zelaya, and those of the coup regime of Micheletti, was in reality a farce.
You didn't really think that the US backed coup regime was going to reinstate Zelaya, did you? It's a shame that the coup didn't go through with reinstating him, but their deed needs to be carried through to the end.
In a very interesting article written by Tomás Andino, one of the leading figures of the Resistance and member of parliament for the left-wing Democratic Unification party (UD), he put it clearly: “The Tegucigalpa agreement, far from being a 'victory', means the surrender of President Zelaya. The agreement has been written on the terms of the empire. It is a pity that Mel swallowed the hook, and authorised the signature of the agreement… The question is that even though he has signed, the empire has made it clear that they will accept 'any decision taken by the Honduran Congress', which means that it is likely that they will not accept the reinstatement before the electoral farce of November 29, to prevent damaging it.”
Any legitimization of the coup is a bad thing. Zelaya probably thought that he, as a symbol, was the most important part of the equation. The people of Honduras are the most important part of the equation. They have to decide if they are going to accept the coup and it's clear outcome.
Faced with this situation, the National Resistance Front has decided to boycott the elections on November 29. Trade union candidate Carlos H. Reyes, after consulting the rank and file of his organisation, decided to make a clear statement withdrawing from the elections and calling for boycott. A number of candidates from other parties (Liberal, PINU and others) have also decided to withdraw from the elections.
The boycott allows the people of Honduras to speak on the issue. If fewer than 50% of the electorate votes, legitimacy is denied (with legitimacy being weakened more for each vote under the 50%). A boycott allows the Hondurans to show their contempt toward the coup, and may even strengthen the opposition to the point where parts of the military will come over against the coup.
But...and you knew there had to be one, didn't you...
The situation with the left-wing Unificación Democrática, however, is a bit more complicated. The leadership of the party is divided in two wings. One, the official wing, led by Cesar Ham, has an openly opportunistic stance, arguing that they have to stay in the electoral process in order to keep their electoral registration. There is also the issue of the 4 million lempiras in state political funding that they would lose if they were to boycott the election. This is clearly a position of betrayal of the resistance movement. Members and activists of UD have participated actively in the resistance movement and at least 6 of their members have been killed for their part in the movement. The Cesar Ham wing of UD are clearly treacherous opportunists, more worried about their jobs and money than about the principles they claim to stand for.
There is another wing of UD, led by Renan Valdez and Tomás Andino, amongst others, who call themselves the Genuine Leadership of UD, which has come out clearly against the elections and for boycott. They have made an appeal to the rank and file of UD to prevent the party from supporting the electoral farce. They argue, correctly, that: “to participate in the fraudulent elections would contribute to give legitimacy to the coup regime and will create more difficult conditions for the defeat of the new government, which would mean that UD would become its accomplice”.
For the moment, the opposition is fractured (if the Ham block can actually be seen as a real opposition). This plays into the hands of the coup should the Ham block decide to run and it's supporters decide to vote en masse.
I'll let you read the rest of the article. Needless to say, these are interesting times in Honduras. It's unfortunate that the US is on the wrong side of events.
Dennis Kosuth, an emergency room nurse at John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County in Chicago, describes the devastating impact of proposed budget cuts on facilities that are often the only available health care provider to the uninsured.
Get used to it. It shouldn't be a surprise that for-profit hospitals work under the same rules as for-profit anything. Profit comes before product.
Malalai Joya has been called the "bravest woman in Afghanistan" for her outspoken opposition not only to the U.S. occupation of her country, but both the corrupt U.S.-backed government of Hamid Karzai and the Taliban-led insurgency.
Joya was elected to Afghanistan's parliament from Farah province in 2005, but was suspended several years later after other representatives claimed she insulted them. She has continued to speak out against war crimes and warlordism, in spite of numerous attempts on her life.
Joya is on a speaking tour of the U.S. for her book A Woman Among Warlords: The Extraordinary Story of an Afghan Who Dared to Raise Her Voice. She talked to Deepa Kumar about the situation in her country and the message she hopes to bring to people in the U.S.
So, we're there to support human rights, etc.? Yeah...right. Political enlightenment starts when you realize that almost everything you hear from your government is propaganda, even in the good times. Once again, we hear from non-approved sources just what we the people are actually supporting.
It's well past time we leave, and yet Obama is going to expand the war. Perhaps it's time to reconsider any affiliation with either of the two war parties.
According to US press reports Sunday, President Barack Obama has decided to send tens of thousands of additional US troops to Afghanistan in an attempt to suppress growing popular resistance to foreign occupation.
Not that we shouldn't be surprised. On the other hand, I doubt the US Chamber of Commerce will be running ads saying that the Afghan war is too epensive.
The New York Times reported Sunday on its web site that the White House had narrowed its options in Afghanistan to three—all involving troop increases of 20,000, 30,000 and 40,000 respectively. The plans for escalating the war have come in response to the urgent request by General Stanley McChrystal, the US commander in Afghanistan.
Maybe they'll build walls around Afghan cities, towns and villages.
According to the New York Times account, Obama is leaning toward the proposal to send 30,000 troops because it is backed by Defense Secretary Robert Gates: “His view is thought to be pivotal because of Mr. Obama’s respect for him and his status as a holdover from a Republican administration.”
I'll let you read the rest of the article. Keep in mind that Obama's pretty much been a supporter of the Afghan war. The only time he voted against funding for the wars (Iraq included) was in October a year before the election when it wasn't clear he'd be nominated (which turns out to show us how cynical Obama is). He's not a peace President, he's a war President. All the more reason to see him to the curb in 2012.
The decisive vote by Ford workers to reject the concessions contract worked out between the company and the United Auto Workers is a major advance not only for Ford workers, but for all auto workers and the working class as a whole, both in the US and internationally.
The rank and file have stood up to Ford, the Obama administration and the union bureaucracy. The workers have said 'it's time to take us into consideration, not just the bottom line (which at Ford is pretty healthy for the moment).' Workers standing up for their jobs and rights: What a concept!
The vote is an expression of growing resistance in the working class to soaring unemployment, wage cuts and speedup, on the one side, and government bailouts for the banks and record bonuses for Wall Street, on the other. The vote at Ford will encourage workers throughout the auto industry and in other sections of the economy to take a similar stand against attacks by the corporations, backed by the Obama administration.
The key is for someone, in this case the Ford workers, to say 'NO' to the bosses. For the past 30+ years, saying 'yes' to the bosses has been in vogue. Working with the bosses has been tried. What's happened? The automobile industry has collapsed and hundreds of thousands of jobs have been lost.
The vote is a historical milestone. It is the first rejection of a national contract since 1982, and the first at Ford since 1976. In the intervening three decades, the UAW has devoted all of its energies to suppressing the resistance of auto workers. It has helped push through repeated wage and benefit concessions, while overseeing the destruction of hundreds of thousands of jobs. Some 750,000 auto jobs have been wiped out, including more than 130,000 at Ford alone.
When a union ceases to support it's workers, then it ceases to be a union. The UAW needs to get this through their heads, or they may end up out the door on their rear ends. The UAW needs to decide if it is part of Ford, or if it is the representative of the autoworkers. We've seen that it can't be both.
While the vote is an important first step, workers should be under no illusion that by rejecting the contract they have defeated the concessions demands. Ford and the UAW were taken aback by the “No” vote and the scale of the rank-and-file repudiation of the contract. They have said they will not attempt a re-vote, no doubt because they have concluded that they cannot get a reversal at this time. Pointing to the expiration of the current contract in 2011, however, UAW president Ron Gettelfinger declared, “We are not going to give up.”
"We are not going to give up." Mr. Gettlefinger is not talking about the workers fighting for their jobs and livelihoods. He's talking about implementing Ford's cutback plans. Does that sound like he's supporting the Ford workers? Autoworkers need to look at Mr. Gettlefinger's statement and take it for what it means. The UAW is going to support the Big Three, not the workers. The good thing is that Ford workers haven't signed away their right to strike at the expiration of this contract. They need to start planning for the day in the not too distant future where it will be on their backs (as it is now) to fight against the Bosses, the Obama administration and the union bureaucracy.
The World Socialist Web Site recently spoke with two workers at a General Motors transmission plant in Windsor, Ontario, who have been involved in exposing and campaigning against a secret agreement between GM and Canadian Auto Workers (CAW) officials at the plant. The deal increased the pay and retirement benefits of several CAW Local 1973 officials, while rank-and-file workers were being forced to take major concessions.
When unions, as opposed to the rank and file, are in bed with the owners you can't be surprised that the union bureaucrats do the bidding of the bosses.
The Local 1973 bureaucrats were awarded this deal shortly after they had joined with the rest of the CAW apparatus in insisting that GM Canada workers twice reopen the collective agreement and accept massive concessions so as to clear the way for the taxpayer-funded bailout of GM by the Canadian and Ontario governments. The deal, pushed through by the CAW last spring, freezes wages and cost-of-living allowances until 2012, increases out-of-pocket health care expenses for current and retired workers, guts long-standing work rules and paves the way for further plant closings and layoffs.
In an industry that has been shedding jobs for years, these bureaucrats were out for themselves as opposed to being out for all of the workers. It's the same as the bosses. It's a disgrace that these bureaucrats are still in the union.
I'll let you read the rest of the article. The big point is that when the union stops supporting the rank and file, the union should be abandoned. CAW and UAW have a chance to change their actions. If they don't, it'll be time for the rank and file to organize themselves.
With votes tallied at factories employing more than a third of Ford’s 41,000 US workers, the concessions contract being pushed by the United Auto Workers appears headed for defeat.
If the deal is defeated, it will be the first time auto workers have turned down a national agreement recommended by the UAW since 1982.
Let's hope that Ford workers do turn down the contract. Think of it this way: Since 1982 (and actually earlier), the Big Three have been shedding jobs at an alarming rate. Concessions have been the byword for most (if not all) of their contracts with workers. The concessions didn't help and the industry is on it's knees.
The opposition among Ford workers to the cuts in pay and benefits and the no-strike provision being demanded by both the company and the union is an expression of growing resistance in the working class as a whole to the drive by big business and the Obama administration to make workers pay for the failure of the profit system.
Needless to say, someone has to pay for the failure of capitalism. Perhaps it should be those who've profited the greatest from it. Fat chance when both major parties are beholden to particular special interests who hold the money strings.
It is the culmination of decades of job cuts and concessions in auto, combined with outrage over depression conditions for growing numbers of workers, on the one side, and record pay and profits for Wall Street on the other.
It's going to be workers who lead us out of this economic mess. The workers have a choice as to how they do this. Will they end up as little better than slaves working at the whim and for the handouts of the bosses, bankster frauds and corporate frauds? Or will they stand up and say what we all already know: The country works when we all work.
I'll let you read the rest of the article. It gives me hope that at least some workers are ready to stand up to the monstrosity of an economic and social system we currently have in place. Should Ford's workers carry their battle to the picket lines, we should all be prepared to support them in whatever legitimate ways we can!
An interesting historical piece, pointing out that Revolutions sustained by the poor and working class can still end up just chainging one boss for the next.
You are an Innocent Uke!
Cute and sweet, and most gentle of all uke, whips and chains are not for you - you just want someone to love you. You are often spotted in candy shops wearing furry kitty ears, where you are sure to be noticed by the Romantic Seme, whose protective instincts will kick in and will only want to take you home and love and protect you. And you, of course, will be more than happy to spend the rest of your life baking cookies for your seme.
Most compatible with: Romantic Seme Least compatible with: Sadistic Seme, Don't Fuck With Me Seme
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This is Where I Start:
THE OATH
"Now that the wars are coming to an end, I wish you to prosper in peace. May all mortals from now on live like one people in concord and for mutual advancement. Consider the world as your country, with laws common to all and where the best will govern irrespective of tribe. I do not distinguish among men, as the narrow-minded do, both among Greeks and Barbarians. I am not interested in the descendance of the citizens or their racial origins. I classify them using one criterion: their virtue. For me every virtuous foreigner is a Greek and every evil Greek worse than a Barbarian. If differences ever develop between you never have recourse to arms, but solve them peacefully. If necessary, I should be your arbitrator. You must not consider God like an autocratic despot, but as a common Father of all; so your behavior may resemble the life siblings have in a family. On my part I should consider all equals,white or blacks, and wish you all to be not only subjects of the Commonwealth, but participants and partners. As much as this depends on me, I should try to bring about what I promised. The oath we made over tonight’s libations hold onto as a Contract of Love". - Alexander the Great at Opis.